After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as Bombay.
In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. This name possibly originated as the Galician-Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay", and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese. In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name "Bombaim" in his Lendas da Índia ("Legends of India"). The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja these are sometimes still used. The Mumba Devi Temple, from whom the city of Mumbai may derive its name However, other sources disagree that Mumbai's name was derived from the goddess Mumba. The Koli people originated in Kathiawar and Central Gujarat, and according to some sources they brought their goddess Mumba with them from Kathiawar (Gujarat), where she is still worshipped. The name Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई, Gujarati: મુંબઈ, Hindi: मुंबई) derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā-the name of the patron goddess ( kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community- and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra. Mumbai's business opportunities attract migrants from all over India. The city is also home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes. The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations.
Mumbai has the eighth-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, and Mumbai's billionaires had the highest average wealth of any city in the world in 2008. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP, and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India ( Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. Mumbai is the financial, commercial, and the entertainment capital of India. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development. Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. For centuries, the seven islands of Bombay were under the control of successive indigenous rulers before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire, and subsequently to the East India Company in 1661, through the dowry of Catherine Braganza when she was married off to Charles II of England. The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were earlier home to communities of Marathi language speaking Koli people. Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, and the city's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings designed in the 19th and 20th centuries. It has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India.
In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 2.3 crore (23 million). As per the Indian government population census of 2011, Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 1.25 crore (12.5 million) living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai.
According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second-most populous city in India after Delhi and the eight-most populous city in the world with a population of roughly 2 crore (20 million). Mumbai ( English: / m ʊ m ˈ b aɪ/ ( listen), Marathi: also known as Bombay / b ɒ m ˈ b eɪ/- the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.